Show the reserves, the controls, the conduct

Controls, monitoring and published evidence for fintech and digital-asset businesses that regulators, banks and customers examine.

Engraving of a prairie windmill with coin-shaped blades filling a clear glass trough, the pump handle in magenta.
Reserves you can see from the road.

Every counterparty wants proof

A payments company, a lending platform or a digital-asset business answers to more reviewers than most companies its size: a partner bank's third-party risk team, regulators in every state where it is licensed, card networks, auditors and customers who read the terms on reserves. Each asks a version of the same question. Can you show that customer money is where you say it is, and that the people and systems moving it are controlled?

The answers live in reconciliations between the ledger, the partner bank and the processor or blockchain records, in who can change a payout account or a withdrawal address, and in how fast an exception reaches someone who can act on it. Growth makes this harder. Transaction volumes rise faster than the operations team, and a reconciliation that worked at ten thousand transactions a day can break at a million.

Finance Ethics is based in Cheyenne, Wyoming, a state that has enacted laws for special purpose depository institutions and DAO LLCs, and we work with fintech and digital-asset companies across the United States. We do not perform attestations or give legal advice. We build the controls and evidence that your attesting firm, your counsel and your partner bank will examine.

Four demands on growing fintechs

  • Partner banks extend oversight to you

    Sponsor and partner banks review your compliance program, complaints, reconciliations and vendors as part of managing their own third-party risk.

  • Customer funds need frequent reconciliation

    Money and assets held for customers must agree across the ledger, bank accounts, processors and, for digital assets, wallets, at a frequency your regulators and banks accept.

  • AML programs must show operation

    A written BSA/AML program is the start. Examiners look for alerts reviewed, cases documented and reports filed on time.

  • Fraud scales with the product

    Account takeover, synthetic identities and payout redirection grow with volume, and so does insider risk in operations teams with broad access.

State and federal rules both apply

Status as of November 2026. Rules change; we date every statement we make about them.

Rule or standardWhat it asksStatus
State money transmission lawsState licensing for businesses that receive money for transmission or hold it for customers, with net worth, surety bond, permissible investment and reporting requirements.In force state by state. Many states have adopted the CSBS Money Transmission Modernization Act in full or in part.
Bank Secrecy Act, money services businessesFinCEN registration, a written anti-money-laundering program, suspicious activity and currency transaction reporting, and recordkeeping.In force. MSB registration with FinCEN must be renewed every two years.
GENIUS Act (payment stablecoins)A federal framework for payment stablecoin issuers, including reserve backing and monthly public reserve reports certified by the CEO and CFO and examined by a PCAOB-registered firm.Enacted 18 July 2025; takes effect 18 January 2027. The OCC issued its final implementing rule on 21 October 2026.
California Digital Financial Assets LawState licensing for businesses that exchange, transfer or store digital financial assets for California residents.Licensing requirement operative since 1 July 2026. Covered firms need a license or a completed application pending with the DFPI.
Wyoming SPDI and DAO LLC lawsWyoming statutes creating special purpose depository institutions, enacted in 2019, and LLCs for decentralized autonomous organizations, enacted in 2021.In force under Wyoming law. A Wyoming charter or filing does not replace federal requirements or other states' licensing.

Evidence built from the ledger up

  • Continuous Controls Monitoring

    Automated weekly tests on ledger, bank, processor and access data, with each exception routed to a named owner.

  • Full-Ledger Analytics

    Full-population tests on payouts, refunds, manual adjustments and account or wallet changes, every flag reviewed by a person.

  • Integrity Center

    A public page with your governance contacts, policies, speak-up channel and management attestations, kept current with a change log.

  • Compliance Program Evaluation

    An evaluation of your compliance program against DOJ's questions before a partner bank or examiner asks them.

  • AI Governance for Finance

    Controls over AI agents and models in operations and finance, each treated as a user under segregation of duties.

  • Educational Content Development

    Plain-language guides and tools for your customers, checked for accuracy by subject-matter reviewers.

Reconciliation is the first control

Before any policy, a fintech has to show that the money and assets it holds for customers agree across every place they are recorded. Most partner-bank and examiner questions trace back to that. We start by mapping each source of record and the reconciliations between them, then test those reconciliations against the underlying data rather than the summary sheet. A reconciliation that ties every day but carries the same unexplained break for six weeks is recorded as a finding, not a pass.

Three reconciliations we look at first

  1. Customer balances to bank accounts. The ledger of amounts owed to customers against the custodial or for-benefit-of accounts at the partner bank.
  2. Settlements to the ledger. Card, ACH and real-time payment settlements against what the ledger expected, with every break aged and owned.
  3. Wallets to the books. For digital assets, on-chain balances in each wallet against the subledger, and every change to a withdrawal address.

Continuous Controls Monitoring turns these checks into automated weekly tests, with each break routed to a named owner and a monthly exception report. Our list of ten automated tests shows the kind of rules involved.

Publish only what you can prove

Partners and customers increasingly look for evidence before they deposit money or sign an agreement. An Integrity Center puts your governance contacts, published policies, speak-up channel and management attestations on a public page, with the date of the last review and a log of changes. We publish only what the controls behind it support, and keep it current by subscription so it does not go stale.

Payment stablecoin issuers face a stricter version of this from 18 January 2027, when the GENIUS Act takes effect and monthly published reserve reports begin. Those reports must be examined by a PCAOB-registered firm. We do not perform that examination. We help build the reconciliations and controls it will rely on.

What people ask before hiring us

Can you perform our reserve attestation or proof-of-reserves examination?

No. Under the GENIUS Act, the monthly reserve reports of payment stablecoin issuers must be examined by a PCAOB-registered public accounting firm, and Finance Ethics does no attest work of any kind. We help build the reconciliations, controls and evidence that firm will examine, and we can work alongside it.

Do you advise on licensing?

No. Licensing strategy and legal interpretation belong with your counsel. We document and test the controls, procedures and reconciliations that license applications, examinations and partner-bank reviews ask for.

Does your Wyoming location matter for this work?

Only as context. Our office is in Cheyenne and we work with clients across the United States, remotely and on site. We hold no charter or license, and we do not help companies obtain one.

Which systems and data can you work with?

General ledgers in NetSuite, Sage Intacct, Microsoft Dynamics 365 Business Central, QuickBooks Online and Xero; bank exports such as CSV, BAI2 and camt.053; and processor or exchange reports you can export. We work from read-only access or files you send.

Related work and reading

  • Continuous Controls Monitoring

    Automated tests on your ledger, bank and access data every week or month, each exception reviewed by a person and routed to a named owner, run as a subscription after a six-week setup.

  • Integrity Center

    A public page on your own domain that shows how your organization governs money, with dated policies, management's control attestations and a change log, kept current by subscription.

Tell us what you are seeing

A first conversation is a scoping call: what worries you, what you need to show, and to whom. You leave it with a view on where to start, whether or not you hire us.

Writehello@financeethics.com
Call(307) 365-5252
Office7124 Commons Dr, Cheyenne, WY 82009
HoursMonday to Friday, 9:00 to 17:00 Mountain Time